Android中如何使用Fragment打造出炫酷效果
2016-12-29 23:08 阅读(219)

作为一个Android开发人员,应该没有谁不知道Fragment!其重要性可想而知了!不多说,先上图

实例一(使用ListFragment和Fragment结合实现): 
Fragment

源代码代码下载地址




Fragment的特征:


Fragment必须嵌入到Activity中使用。因此,即使Fragment拥有自己的生命周期,也会收到它所在的Activity的生命周期的控制。当Activity暂停时,Activity中所有的Fragment都会暂停;当Activity被销毁时,其中所有的Fragment将会被销毁;只有Activity处于活动状态时,程序员才可以通过方法独立地操作Fragment。


Fragment的生命周期


这里就不再手打赘述,直接从官网上复制最原始的解释给大家!多啰嗦一句,学习任何语言,官方文档一定要看。

The core series of lifecycle methods that are called to bring a fragment up to resumed state (interacting with the user) are:

   1. onAttach(Activity) :called once the fragment is associated with its activity.

   2. onCreate(Bundle): called to do initial creation of the fragment.

   3. onCreateView(LayoutInflater, ViewGroup, Bundle) :creates and returns the view hierarchy associated with the fragment.

   4. onActivityCreated(Bundle) :tells the fragment that its activity has completed its own Activity.onCreate().

   5. onViewStateRestored(Bundle) :tells the fragment that all of the saved state of its view hierarchy has been restored.

   6. onStart(): makes the fragment visible to the user (based on its containing activity being started).

   7. onResume(): makes the fragment begin interacting with the user (based on its containing activity being resumed).

As a fragment is no longer being used, it goes through a reverse series of callbacks:

   1. onPause(): fragment is no longer interacting with the user either because its activity is being paused or a fragment operation is modifying it in the activity.

   2. onStop(): fragment is no longer visible to the user either because its activity is being stopped or a fragment operation is modifying it in the activity.

   3. onDestroyView(): allows the fragment to clean up resources associated with its View.

   4. onDestroy(): called to do final cleanup of the fragment’s state.

   5. onDetach() :called immediately prior to the fragment no longer being associated with its activity.


创建Fragment

通常来说,创建Fragment只需要实现如下三个方法:
  onCreat();
  onCreatView();
  onPause();
按需求可重写其他方法。

实例一:


MainActivity.java:用于对整个进程的控制

FoodContent:实体类

FoodListFragment:显示食品列表的Fragment

FoodDetailFragment:显示食品详细信息的Fragment

activity_main.xml:布局文件 
……


MainActivity代码:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements FoodListFragment.Callbacks{


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    @Override
    public void onItemSelected(Integer id) {
        // 创建Bundle,准备向Fragment传入参数
        Bundle arguments = new Bundle();
        arguments.putInt(FoodDetailFragment.ITEM_ID, id);
        // 创建FoodDetailFragment对象
        FoodDetailFragment fragment = new FoodDetailFragment();
        // 向Fragment传入参数
        fragment.setArguments(arguments);
        // 使用fragment替换book_detail_container容器当前显示的Fragment
        getFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                .replace(R.id.food_detail_container, fragment)
                .commit();

    }
}
FoodContent.java
public class FoodContent {
    // 定义一个内部类,作为系统的业务对象
    public static class Food
    {
        public Integer id;
        public String name;
        public String desc;
        public Food(Integer id, String name, String desc)
        {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
            this.desc = desc;
        }
        @Override
        public String toString()
        {
            return name;
        }
    }
    // 使用List集合记录系统所包含的Food对象
    public static List<Food> ITEMS = new ArrayList<Food>();
    // 使用Map集合记录系统所包含的Food对象
    public static Map<Integer, Food> ITEM_MAP
            = new HashMap<Integer, Food>();
    static
    {
        // 使用静态初始化代码,将Food对象添加到List集合、Map集合中
        addItem(new Food(1, "土豆"
                , "马铃薯(学名:Solanum tuberosum),属茄科多年生草本植物,块茎可供食用,是全球第四大重要的粮食作物,仅次于小麦、稻谷和玉米。马铃薯又称地蛋、土豆 、洋山芋等,茄科植物的块茎。与小麦、稻谷、玉米、高粱并成为世界五大作物。"));
        addItem(new Food(2, "紅薯"
                , "[1]红薯(英文: sweet potato)原名番薯(学名:Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.),又名红芋、甘薯、蕃薯、大米、番芋、地瓜(北方)、红苕、线苕、白薯、金薯、甜薯、朱薯、枕薯、番葛、白芋、茴芋地瓜等。 "
                ));
        addItem(new Food(3, "黃瓜", "黄瓜,(学名Cucumis sativus Linn,英文名Cucumber),葫芦科黄瓜属植物。也称胡瓜、青瓜、刺瓜。果实颜色呈油绿或翠绿,表面有柔软的小刺。 中国各地普遍栽培,现广泛种植于温带和热带地区。"));
        addItem(new Food(4, "茄子", "茄(学名:Solanum melongena)常称茄子,吴越人沿用宋代叫法称为落苏,广东人称为矮瓜,是茄科茄属一年生草本植物,热带为多年生。其结出的果实可食用,颜色多为紫色或紫黑色,也有淡绿色或白色品种,形状上也有圆形,椭圆,梨形等各种。茄子是一种典型的蔬菜,根据品种的不同,食用方法多样。"));
        addItem(new Food(5, "萝卜", "萝卜(学名:Raphanus sativus)。别名莱菔、菜头,十字花科草本植物。萝卜的根部是最常见的蔬菜之一,但实际上整株植物都是可吃的。种子称为莱菔子,是常用的中药。"));
        addItem(new Food(6, "韭菜", "山韭(拉丁学名:Allium senescens L.),是百合科葱属植物,产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、山西、内蒙古、甘肃(东部)、新疆(西北部)和河南、(西北部)。"));
        addItem(new Food(7, "白菜", "白菜原产于我国北方,是十字花科芸薹属一年生、二年生草本植物。通常指大白菜;也包括小白菜以及由甘蓝的栽培变种结球甘蓝,即“圆白菜”或“洋白菜”。引种南方,南北各地均有栽培。"));
        addItem(new Food(8, "冬瓜", "冬瓜,一年生草本植物,茎上有卷须,能爬蔓,叶子大,开黄花。果实球形或长圆柱形,表面有毛和白粉,皮深绿色,是普通蔬菜。皮和种子可入药。"));
        addItem(new Food(9, "青菜", "青菜(Brassica chinensis var chinensis),中国东北称油菜,为一年生草本,芸苔属,颜色深绿,茎、叶用蔬菜。"));
        addItem(new Food(10, "玉米", "玉米(拉丁学名:Zea mays L.)是禾本科玉米属一年生草本植物。别名:玉蜀黍、棒子、包谷、包米、玉茭、苞米、珍珠米、苞芦、大芦粟,潮汕话称幼米仁,粤语称为粟米,闽南语称作番麦。"));
        addItem(new Food(11, "辣椒", "辣椒(学名:Capsicum annuum),又叫牛角椒、长辣椒、番椒、番姜、海椒、辣子、辣角、秦椒等,是一种茄科辣椒属植物。原产于中南美洲热带地区。"));
    }
    private static void addItem(Food Food)
    {
        ITEMS.add(Food);
        ITEM_MAP.put(Food.id, Food);
    }
}
FoodListFragment.java
public class FoodListFragment extends ListFragment {
    private Callbacks mCallbacks;
    // 定义一个回调接口,该Fragment所在Activity需要实现该接口
    // 该Fragment将通过该接口与它所在的Activity交互
    public interface Callbacks
    {
        public void onItemSelected(Integer id);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // 为该ListFragment设置Adapter
        setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<FoodContent.Food>(getActivity(),
                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1,
                android.R.id.text1, FoodContent.ITEMS));
    }
    // 当该Fragment被添加、显示到Activity时,回调该方法
    @Override
    public void onAttach(Activity activity)
    {
        super.onAttach(activity);
        // 如果Activity没有实现Callbacks接口,抛出异常
        if (!(activity instanceof Callbacks))
        {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "FoodListFragment所在的Activity必须实现Callbacks接口!");
        }
        // 把该Activity当成Callbacks对象
        mCallbacks = (Callbacks)activity;
    }
    // 当该Fragment从它所属的Activity中被删除时回调该方法
    @Override
    public void onDetach()
    {
        super.onDetach();
        // 将mCallbacks赋为null。
        mCallbacks = null;
    }
    // 当用户单击某列表项时激发该回调方法
    @Override
    public void onListItemClick(ListView listView
            , View view, int position, long id)
    {
        super.onListItemClick(listView, view, position, id);
        // 激发mCallbacks的onItemSelected方法
        mCallbacks.onItemSelected(FoodContent
                .ITEMS.get(position).id);
    }
    public void setActivateOnItemClick(boolean activateOnItemClick)
    {
        getListView().setChoiceMode(
                activateOnItemClick ? ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE
                        : ListView.CHOICE_MODE_NONE);
    }

}
FoodDetailFragment.java
public class FoodDetailFragment extends Fragment {
    public static final String ITEM_ID = "item_id";
    // 保存该Fragment显示的Food对象
    FoodContent.Food food;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // 如果启动该Fragment时包含了ITEM_ID参数
        if (getArguments().containsKey(ITEM_ID))
        {
            food = FoodContent.ITEM_MAP.get(getArguments()
                    .getInt(ITEM_ID));
        }
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        View ret = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_food_detail, container, false);
        if (food != null) {
            // 让food_title文本框显示food对象的title属性
            ((TextView) ret.findViewById(R.id.food_title))
                    .setText(food.name);
            // 让food_desc文本框显示food对象的desc属性
            ((TextView) ret.findViewById(R.id.food_desc))
                    .setText(food.desc);
        }
        return ret;
    }
}
main.xml代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:id="@+id/activity_main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.dejasen.fragmenttest.MainActivity">

   <fragment
       android:name="com.dejasen.fragmenttest.FoodListFragment"
       android:id="@+id/food_list"
       android:layout_weight="1"
       android:layout_width="0dp"
       android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/food_detail_container"
        android:layout_weight="3"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</LinearLayout>



作者:aserbao