作为一个Android开发人员,应该没有谁不知道Fragment!其重要性可想而知了!不多说,先上图
实例一(使用ListFragment和Fragment结合实现): 
Fragment的特征:
Fragment必须嵌入到Activity中使用。因此,即使Fragment拥有自己的生命周期,也会收到它所在的Activity的生命周期的控制。当Activity暂停时,Activity中所有的Fragment都会暂停;当Activity被销毁时,其中所有的Fragment将会被销毁;只有Activity处于活动状态时,程序员才可以通过方法独立地操作Fragment。
Fragment总是作为Activity界面组成部分。Fragment可调用getActivity()方法获取它所在的Activity。Activity可调用 FragmentManager的findFragmentById()或者findFragmentBuTag()方法来获取Fragment
在Activity运行过程中,可调用FragmentManager的add(),remove(),replace()方法动态添加,移除,修改。
一个Activity可以同时拥有多个Fragment,一个Fragment也可以被多个Activity复用。
Fragment可以响应自己的输入事件,并拥有自己的生命周期,但生命周期被所属的Activity的生命周期控制。
Fragment常用知识点:
Fragment和所属Activity的通讯如何处理!
Activity向Fragment传递数据:在Activity中创建Bundle数据包,并调用Fragment的setArgument(Bundle bundle)方法将Bundle数据传递给Fragment.
Fragment向Activity传递数据:Fragment中定义一个内部回调接口,再让包含该Fragment的Activity实现该回掉接口,这样就能将Fragment的数据传给Activity了!
如何将Fragment添加到Activity中:
在布局文件中使用<fragment…/>元素添加Fragment,<fragment…/>元素的android:name属性指定Fragment的实现类
在Java代码中通过FragmentTransaction对象的add()方法来添加Fragment.
Activity获取它包含的Fragment:用Fragment的getActivity();
Fragment获取它所在的Activity:调用关联的FragmentMangager的findFragmentById(int id)或者fingFragmentByTag(String tag)方法即可获取Fragment。
Fragment管理
FragmentManager可以实现以下几方面的功能:
使用 findFragmentById(int id)或fingFragmentByTag(String tag)方法来获取指定的Fragment。
调用popBackStack()方法将Fragment从后台中弹出(模拟用户按下Back键)
调用addOnBackStackChangeListener()注册一个监听器,用于监听后台栈的变化。
Fragment事务
如果需要添加,删除,替换Fragment,则需要借助于FragmentTransaction对象,FragmentTransaction代表Activity对Fragment执行多个改变
*
Fragment的生命周期
这里就不再手打赘述,直接从官网上复制最原始的解释给大家!多啰嗦一句,学习任何语言,官方文档一定要看。
The core series of lifecycle methods that are called to bring a fragment up to resumed state (interacting with the user) are:
1. onAttach(Activity) :called once the fragment is associated with its activity.
2. onCreate(Bundle): called to do initial creation of the fragment.
3. onCreateView(LayoutInflater, ViewGroup, Bundle) :creates and returns the view hierarchy associated with the fragment.
4. onActivityCreated(Bundle) :tells the fragment that its activity has completed its own Activity.onCreate().
5. onViewStateRestored(Bundle) :tells the fragment that all of the saved state of its view hierarchy has been restored.
6. onStart(): makes the fragment visible to the user (based on its containing activity being started).
7. onResume(): makes the fragment begin interacting with the user (based on its containing activity being resumed).
As a fragment is no longer being used, it goes through a reverse series of callbacks:
1. onPause(): fragment is no longer interacting with the user either because its activity is being paused or a fragment operation is modifying it in the activity.
2. onStop(): fragment is no longer visible to the user either because its activity is being stopped or a fragment operation is modifying it in the activity.
3. onDestroyView(): allows the fragment to clean up resources associated with its View.
4. onDestroy(): called to do final cleanup of the fragment’s state.
5. onDetach() :called immediately prior to the fragment no longer being associated with its activity.
创建Fragment
通常来说,创建Fragment只需要实现如下三个方法: onCreat(); onCreatView(); onPause(); 按需求可重写其他方法。
实例一:
MainActivity.java:用于对整个进程的控制
FoodContent:实体类
FoodListFragment:显示食品列表的Fragment
FoodDetailFragment:显示食品详细信息的Fragment
activity_main.xml:布局文件
……
MainActivity代码:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements FoodListFragment.Callbacks{
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
@Override
public void onItemSelected(Integer id) {
// 创建Bundle,准备向Fragment传入参数
Bundle arguments = new Bundle();
arguments.putInt(FoodDetailFragment.ITEM_ID, id);
// 创建FoodDetailFragment对象
FoodDetailFragment fragment = new FoodDetailFragment();
// 向Fragment传入参数
fragment.setArguments(arguments);
// 使用fragment替换book_detail_container容器当前显示的Fragment
getFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
.replace(R.id.food_detail_container, fragment)
.commit();
}
}FoodContent.java
public class FoodContent {
// 定义一个内部类,作为系统的业务对象
public static class Food
{
public Integer id;
public String name;
public String desc;
public Food(Integer id, String name, String desc)
{
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.desc = desc;
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return name;
}
}
// 使用List集合记录系统所包含的Food对象
public static List<Food> ITEMS = new ArrayList<Food>();
// 使用Map集合记录系统所包含的Food对象
public static Map<Integer, Food> ITEM_MAP
= new HashMap<Integer, Food>();
static
{
// 使用静态初始化代码,将Food对象添加到List集合、Map集合中
addItem(new Food(1, "土豆"
, "马铃薯(学名:Solanum tuberosum),属茄科多年生草本植物,块茎可供食用,是全球第四大重要的粮食作物,仅次于小麦、稻谷和玉米。马铃薯又称地蛋、土豆 、洋山芋等,茄科植物的块茎。与小麦、稻谷、玉米、高粱并成为世界五大作物。"));
addItem(new Food(2, "紅薯"
, "[1]红薯(英文: sweet potato)原名番薯(学名:Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.),又名红芋、甘薯、蕃薯、大米、番芋、地瓜(北方)、红苕、线苕、白薯、金薯、甜薯、朱薯、枕薯、番葛、白芋、茴芋地瓜等。 "
));
addItem(new Food(3, "黃瓜", "黄瓜,(学名Cucumis sativus Linn,英文名Cucumber),葫芦科黄瓜属植物。也称胡瓜、青瓜、刺瓜。果实颜色呈油绿或翠绿,表面有柔软的小刺。 中国各地普遍栽培,现广泛种植于温带和热带地区。"));
addItem(new Food(4, "茄子", "茄(学名:Solanum melongena)常称茄子,吴越人沿用宋代叫法称为落苏,广东人称为矮瓜,是茄科茄属一年生草本植物,热带为多年生。其结出的果实可食用,颜色多为紫色或紫黑色,也有淡绿色或白色品种,形状上也有圆形,椭圆,梨形等各种。茄子是一种典型的蔬菜,根据品种的不同,食用方法多样。"));
addItem(new Food(5, "萝卜", "萝卜(学名:Raphanus sativus)。别名莱菔、菜头,十字花科草本植物。萝卜的根部是最常见的蔬菜之一,但实际上整株植物都是可吃的。种子称为莱菔子,是常用的中药。"));
addItem(new Food(6, "韭菜", "山韭(拉丁学名:Allium senescens L.),是百合科葱属植物,产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、山西、内蒙古、甘肃(东部)、新疆(西北部)和河南、(西北部)。"));
addItem(new Food(7, "白菜", "白菜原产于我国北方,是十字花科芸薹属一年生、二年生草本植物。通常指大白菜;也包括小白菜以及由甘蓝的栽培变种结球甘蓝,即“圆白菜”或“洋白菜”。引种南方,南北各地均有栽培。"));
addItem(new Food(8, "冬瓜", "冬瓜,一年生草本植物,茎上有卷须,能爬蔓,叶子大,开黄花。果实球形或长圆柱形,表面有毛和白粉,皮深绿色,是普通蔬菜。皮和种子可入药。"));
addItem(new Food(9, "青菜", "青菜(Brassica chinensis var chinensis),中国东北称油菜,为一年生草本,芸苔属,颜色深绿,茎、叶用蔬菜。"));
addItem(new Food(10, "玉米", "玉米(拉丁学名:Zea mays L.)是禾本科玉米属一年生草本植物。别名:玉蜀黍、棒子、包谷、包米、玉茭、苞米、珍珠米、苞芦、大芦粟,潮汕话称幼米仁,粤语称为粟米,闽南语称作番麦。"));
addItem(new Food(11, "辣椒", "辣椒(学名:Capsicum annuum),又叫牛角椒、长辣椒、番椒、番姜、海椒、辣子、辣角、秦椒等,是一种茄科辣椒属植物。原产于中南美洲热带地区。"));
}
private static void addItem(Food Food)
{
ITEMS.add(Food);
ITEM_MAP.put(Food.id, Food);
}
}FoodListFragment.java
public class FoodListFragment extends ListFragment {
private Callbacks mCallbacks;
// 定义一个回调接口,该Fragment所在Activity需要实现该接口
// 该Fragment将通过该接口与它所在的Activity交互
public interface Callbacks
{
public void onItemSelected(Integer id);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// 为该ListFragment设置Adapter
setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<FoodContent.Food>(getActivity(),
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1,
android.R.id.text1, FoodContent.ITEMS));
}
// 当该Fragment被添加、显示到Activity时,回调该方法
@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity)
{
super.onAttach(activity);
// 如果Activity没有实现Callbacks接口,抛出异常
if (!(activity instanceof Callbacks))
{
throw new IllegalStateException(
"FoodListFragment所在的Activity必须实现Callbacks接口!");
}
// 把该Activity当成Callbacks对象
mCallbacks = (Callbacks)activity;
}
// 当该Fragment从它所属的Activity中被删除时回调该方法
@Override
public void onDetach()
{
super.onDetach();
// 将mCallbacks赋为null。
mCallbacks = null;
}
// 当用户单击某列表项时激发该回调方法
@Override
public void onListItemClick(ListView listView
, View view, int position, long id)
{
super.onListItemClick(listView, view, position, id);
// 激发mCallbacks的onItemSelected方法
mCallbacks.onItemSelected(FoodContent
.ITEMS.get(position).id);
}
public void setActivateOnItemClick(boolean activateOnItemClick)
{
getListView().setChoiceMode(
activateOnItemClick ? ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE
: ListView.CHOICE_MODE_NONE);
}
}FoodDetailFragment.java
public class FoodDetailFragment extends Fragment {
public static final String ITEM_ID = "item_id";
// 保存该Fragment显示的Food对象
FoodContent.Food food;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// 如果启动该Fragment时包含了ITEM_ID参数
if (getArguments().containsKey(ITEM_ID))
{
food = FoodContent.ITEM_MAP.get(getArguments()
.getInt(ITEM_ID));
}
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// Inflate the layout for this fragment
View ret = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_food_detail, container, false);
if (food != null) {
// 让food_title文本框显示food对象的title属性
((TextView) ret.findViewById(R.id.food_title))
.setText(food.name);
// 让food_desc文本框显示food对象的desc属性
((TextView) ret.findViewById(R.id.food_desc))
.setText(food.desc);
}
return ret;
}
}main.xml代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:orientation="horizontal" android:id="@+id/activity_main" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context="com.dejasen.fragmenttest.MainActivity"> <fragment android:name="com.dejasen.fragmenttest.FoodListFragment" android:id="@+id/food_list" android:layout_weight="1" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="match_parent"/> <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/food_detail_container" android:layout_weight="3" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="match_parent"/> </LinearLayout>
作者:aserbao